Athabasca Tar Sands Host; Dr. David Pearson. Alberta Tar Sands & Sudbury Basin- Part 1 of 9 •Geology of Athabasca tar sands •1778 discovered by fur traders, Indians used first for patching boats 1888 Geological survey realized the economic success, not for oil put for paving roads. •1920's Adolf Clark separated the oil from the sand

Tar sand geological lies as a unconformity Alberta Tar Sands & Sudbury Basin Part 2 of 8 •Open pit mining •Mining the tar sands •Bucket wheel, conveyor •By products; sulphur and coke can be a problem •Tailings waste 24,000 gal per min. adequate dyke construction needed •Syncrude using draglines •Richest concentration near the bottom of the beeding of the tar sands 18%

•Bitumen different than the oil Alberta Tar Sands & Sudbury Basin Part 3 of 8 •Oil shale; utah,Wyoming 450 billion barrels •Only can recover 1/6th •Fine grained sedimentary rock. •Mined underground •Underground equipment •Processing oil shale; crushing and heating •Refining of oil •Coal in western Canada

Alberta Tar Sands & Sudbury Basin Part 4 of 9 •University of Alberta professor Dr. Follingsby??? •Describes the mining method •Coal formation •Wapamin swamp •Record of the loss of the dinosaurs

Sudbury Basin Part 5 of 9 •Sudbury is the mineral producing area of the world •Geological structure unique •Aerial views looking on Sudbury •Igneous Differentiation; pink pegmatitie and dark norite. •Onaping Falls; breccia

Sudbury Basin Part 6 of 9 •Description of the Murray Mine -- Sudbury area •Copper ore and sulphide description •Thin section •Pyrrhotite, Chalcopyrite (copper) and Pentlandite (main source of nickeL) •Ionic bonding -- sulphide lattices

Sudbury Basin Part 7 of 9 •Smelting and Metallurgy of the Sudbury ore •Rock types in the Sudbury area •2 possible formation theories •Sudbury impact crater description •Stages of the impact crater in Sudbury basin •Another possibility -- Volcanic activity •Volcanic activity description in the Sudbury basin •With both theories -- violent process produced the Sudbury basin •Shattercones •Fissure fractures -- dark matrix with light fragments

Sudbury Basin Part 8 of 9 •Rare video of Smelting of Sudbury ore at the turn of last century ..1915

Sudbury Basin Part 9 of 9 •Maintenance, repair shops of Sudbury circa 1915

Bakken: A good old fashioned oil boom, right here in the U.S. and Canada. Billions of Barrels found in the Bakken Oil Formation in Sask, Canada and North Dakota and Montana .